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What were the main causes leading to World War I in 1914?
Updated: 11-Apr-2025

World War I began due to a complex web of alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and militarism across Europe. The immediate spark was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo in June 1914. This event triggered a chain reaction of mobilizations and war declarations among European powers.

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire (Central Powers) faced off against Britain, France, Russia, and others (Allied Powers). Long-standing rivalries and an arms race contributed heavily to the war’s escalation into a global conflict.

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